How to Know If You Have an Allergy — and What You Might Be Allergic To

When symptoms or illnesses occur without a clear cause, and allergies are suspected, allergy testing becomes essential to identify the specific allergens involved. Recognizing these allergens is key to providing proper treatment and effectively managing the underlying condition.

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Allergies and Symptoms Caused by Allergens

Allergy symptoms occur when the body reacts to allergens—substances that trigger an immune response. These allergens can enter the body through various routes, such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Once exposed, the immune system produces antibodies and releases histamine, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, chest tightness, tissue swelling, rashes, itching, and hives.

Common allergic symptoms include asthma, nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, and itching. While these symptoms are typically not life-threatening, they can significantly affect one’s quality of life. In severe cases, individuals with strong allergic reactions may suffer from asthma attacks that reduce oxygen levels and pose serious health risks.

Do You Know What You’re Allergic To?

Allergy to Insects

Cockroach Allergy:
Cockroaches in the home can worsen asthma. Proteins found in cockroach saliva, feces, and body parts are common allergens. A common misconception is that pet allergies are caused by animal fur, but in reality, the allergens often come from other sources like saliva and dander.

Allergy to Dogs or Cats

The primary allergens in dogs and cats are proteins found in their dander, saliva, and urine. Symptoms may include coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, breathing difficulties, itching, watery eyes, runny nose, and hives. These symptoms usually occur within 30 minutes of exposure. Individuals who allow pets in the bedroom or work closely with animals—such as veterinarians or pet groomers—are at higher risk.

Allergy to Dust Mites

Dust Mite Allergy:
Dust mites live in household dust, commonly found on floors, cushions, blankets, and pillows. They feed on dead skin cells and other organic matter. Allergic reactions are triggered by proteins found in dead mites. When inhaled or contacted, these proteins prompt the immune system to release histamine, causing inflammation in the respiratory tract, potentially leading to asthma or respiratory infections. Dust mite allergies may also be hereditary and can cause skin irritation and itching.

Allergy to Mold

Mold allergies typically cause respiratory symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and breathing difficulty. In more severe cases, they may trigger asthma attacks or even facial swelling.

Testing for Allergens

Allergy testing helps identify specific substances that trigger allergic reactions. Common allergens tested include:

• Insects: American cockroach, German cockroach

• Pets: Dog epithelium, cat epithelium

• Household allergens: House dust, cotton linters, kapok, dust mites (D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus)

• Pollen: Timothy grass, Bermuda grass, Acacia

• Mold: Aspergillus mix, Candida albicans, Cladosporium

• Foods and miscellaneous: Shellfish mix, peanut, wheat

• Animal proteins: Mixed skin test (chick, duck, goose)

If you suspect you have an allergy, consult a healthcare provider for testing. Identifying specific allergens allows for more targeted management and treatment, helping to improve overall quality of life.

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