Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG)

Coronary angiography is a procedure that involves threading a catheter through the groin, elbow, or wrist arteries to the heart's blood vessels. A contrast dye is injected, and then X-rays are taken to visualize the condition of the blood vessels and identify any blockages.

For further information or Booking..

Coronary artery angiography (CAG) is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat heart conditions. It involves the use of a small catheter, approximately 2 millimeters in diameter, which is inserted into an artery through the groin, elbow crease, or wrist. The catheter is carefully guided to the coronary arteries, where a contrast dye is injected to visualize and record images of the heart’s blood vessels. This procedure enables physicians to assess the condition of the coronary arteries and identify any narrowing or blockages. Coronary angiography plays a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease.

When Is Coronary Angiography Recommended?

Coronary angiography is recommended for individuals who experience one or more of the following symptoms or conditions:

Severe chest tightness or pressure, often described as a heavy weight pressing on the chest
Shortness of breath, excessive sweating, fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, or lightheadedness
Pain, numbness, or discomfort radiating to the arms, shoulders, or jaw
A history of or significant risk factors for coronary artery disease, including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, a family history of heart disease, obesity, smoking, or a sedentary lifestyle
Abnormal results from other cardiac screening tests, such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, or cardiac stress testing

Steps Involved in Contrast Dye Injection for Coronary Artery Examination

Before the procedure, patients are advised to fast for approximately six hours. A nurse will clean and prepare the wrist or groin area where the catheter will be inserted. Local anesthesia is then administered to minimize discomfort, followed by the insertion of a needle and guide wire. The catheter, together with the diagnostic wire, is advanced through the blood vessels until it reaches the coronary arteries. Throughout the procedure, the patient remains conscious and should not experience pain. Once the angiography is completed, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to prevent bleeding. The entire procedure typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Reporting of Coronary Angiography Results

After the coronary angiogram is completed, the physician will explain the results to the patient and their family. If only mild narrowing of the coronary arteries is detected, treatment with medication may be recommended. In cases where the degree of blockage is suitable for intervention, such as stent placement or coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment may be performed immediately following the angiogram. This interventional procedure usually takes approximately 45 minutes to one hour. However, if multiple coronary arteries are found to have severe blockages, coronary artery bypass surgery may be scheduled at a later date.

Post–Heart Catheterization Care Guidelines

Avoid bending the arm or leg on the side where the catheter was inserted for 4–6 hours. If a compression device is used following groin access, the patient should remain lying flat for six hours.
If no abnormal symptoms occur, the patient may be discharged within 4–6 hours after the procedure.
If balloon angioplasty is performed, the patient may return home the following morning. The wound may be uncovered, and normal bathing can be resumed.
Seek immediate medical attention if swelling, severe pain, chest tightness, or difficulty lying flat occurs.
Ensure adequate rest, avoid heavy physical activity, and refrain from strenuous use of the arm or leg on the procedure side for approximately one week.
Take all prescribed medications as directed and attend scheduled follow-up appointments. If any unusual symptoms arise, consult a physician before the next appointment.

Heart Center at Phyathai Sriracha Hospital

The Heart Center at Phyathai Sriracha Hospital is staffed by experienced and highly specialized cardiologists dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of heart and vascular diseases. Comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services are available 24 hours a day. With an average response time of 35 minutes, the center meets international standards for providing life-saving treatment to patients with coronary artery blockages, particularly within the critical 90-minute window. The medical team remains committed to providing continuous care until each patient reaches a stable condition.