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Patients with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) than the general population, and the disease tends to be more severe. CAD also occurs at a younger age in diabetic patients, as prolonged poor blood sugar control can lead to early abnormalities in blood vessels compared with non-diabetic individuals. These vascular changes cause narrowing of the coronary arteries and impair the heart muscle’s ability to function effectively. As a result, the mortality rate from coronary artery disease is higher in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes.
Coronary artery disease is a common complication in diabetic patients and is caused by the accumulation of fat, plaque, and various cells in the innermost layer of the blood vessels. As plaque gradually thickens, it narrows the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. This condition, known as ischemia, occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient blood supply. It may lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, excessive sweating, palpitations, fainting, or cardiac arrest (heart attack). These symptoms often occur suddenly and can be life-threatening, potentially resulting in sudden death if not treated promptly.
Despite these risks, coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes can be prevented.
Coronary Calcium Score (Calcium Scoring)
The Coronary Calcium Score is a screening method used to assess the risk of coronary artery disease by measuring the amount of calcium deposits in the walls of the coronary arteries. This examination is performed using a high-speed computed tomography (CT) scan, which produces clear images and takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Calcium scoring accurately evaluates calcium accumulation in the coronary artery walls and helps predict the risk of future coronary artery disease.
A Calcium Score of 0 indicates a low risk of developing symptoms such as angina or acute myocardial infarction in the future. In contrast, a high Calcium Score—particularly a score above 400—suggests a significantly increased risk of developing coronary artery disease within the next 2 to 5 years, even in individuals who currently have no symptoms.
Prevention Is Better Than Treatment
Preventing complications from coronary artery disease is far more effective than waiting for the disease to develop and then treating it. In addition to effective diabetes management, screening for calcium deposits in the coronary arteries through Calcium Scoring is an important preventive self-care measure. This screening enables physicians and patients with diabetes to better assess cardiovascular risk and develop appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Ultimately, early detection and prevention can significantly reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease complications, which remain a leading cause of mortality among diabetic patients.
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Building A, 1st floor.
