Migraine

Migraine is a common headache disorder, particularly prevalent among adolescents. Although the exact cause remains unclear, migraines are characterized by severe, recurrent headaches that can significantly impair daily functioning.

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Symptoms of Migraine

• Typically affects one side of the head

• Headache pain usually improves within 1–2 days, but often recurs

• Pain is throbbing and worsens with movement or physical activity

• Frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting

• May be preceded by warning signs (aura), such as flashing lights or visual disturbances

Management and Treatment of Migraine

Non-Pharmacological Approaches

• Avoid known triggers, including sleep deprivation, certain foods, artificial sweeteners, alcohol, and fermented or pickled foods

• Maintain a regular exercise routine

Pharmacological Treatment

• Includes preventive medications and acute pain-relief medications, tailored to individual patient needs and headache patterns

Diagnosis of Migraine

Migraine is typically diagnosed based on the patient’s medical history and characteristic headache patterns consistent with migraine. Physical examination findings are usually normal and do not reveal structural abnormalities responsible for the headache.

Additional investigations, such as blood tests or brain imaging, may be considered—particularly when alternative diagnoses are suspected or when symptoms do not respond adequately to treatment.

Because migraines are recurrent and potentially disabling, patients are advised to consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. The primary goals of treatment are to reduce the frequency and severity of headaches and to improve overall quality of life.

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