Endoscopic Spine Surgery

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Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Minimally Invasive Approach

Endoscopic spine surgery is a type of minimally invasive spine surgery that utilizes advanced technology and modern surgical techniques. The primary objective is to minimize damage to surrounding tissues—particularly muscles—while achieving clinical outcomes comparable to those of conventional open spine surgery.

Endoscopic techniques are considered the gold standard for certain orthopedic procedures, such as knee and shoulder surgeries. Over time, endoscopic spine surgery has continued to evolve and is becoming an increasingly adopted treatment option in many regions worldwide.

The core principle of endoscopic spine surgery involves performing the procedure through a single portal using an endoscope with a diameter of less than 1 centimeter. A continuous fluid irrigation system is used to provide clear visualization (lens optics under fluid), allowing the surgeon to operate while viewing the surgical field on a monitor. This technique significantly reduces blood loss during surgery.

Advantages of Endoscopic Spine Surgery

• Excellent visualization of the surgical field

• Minimal removal of bone and ligaments, which may reduce the risk of surgery-induced spinal instability

• Small skin incisions (approximately 1 centimeter), resulting in less postoperative pain and shorter hospital stays

• Reduced formation of epidural scar tissue, making potential future surgeries less complex

• Shorter operative time, particularly when performed by experienced surgeons

Indications for Endoscopic Spine Surgery

Endoscopic spine surgery is commonly indicated for conditions such as lumbar disc herniation and spinal canal stenosis, especially in patients with clearly localized, one-sided symptoms. Additional indications include facet joint cysts and various forms of nerve compression.

Postoperative Care and Recovery

Postoperative care typically involves a hospital stay of one to two nights, with patients encouraged to ambulate on the day of surgery. A lumbar support brace may be recommended for approximately four weeks. Most patients are able to return to work within 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the physical demands of their occupation.

Risks and Complications

Although complications similar to those associated with traditional open spine surgery may occur, the overall risk is generally lower. Potential complications include infection, wound-related issues, and the need to convert to open surgery. Recurrent disc herniation has been reported in approximately 6% of cases.

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