What Should You Do When You Encounter an Unconscious Patient?

In our daily lives, we may encounter an unconscious patient at any time. When this situation arises, it is important to know how to respond and provide help safely, as many people may feel hesitant or afraid to take action. Therefore, let’s learn the proper steps and techniques together.

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First, determine whether the person is truly unconscious by calling out to them. Some individuals may simply be drowsy, so call loudly and gently shake their shoulders.
However, exercise extreme caution when dealing with patients involved in accidents, as unnecessary movement may worsen spinal or internal injuries.

1. If the patient does not respond

If calling and shaking do not elicit a response, assess the patient’s vital signs.

If the patient shows some level of consciousness, transport them to the nearest hospital immediately for further evaluation and treatment.
Changes in consciousness can result from various causes—such as low blood sugar or increased intracranial pressure—so prompt medical attention is essential.

2. Check for a pulse

If there is still no response, check for a pulse by palpating the carotid artery, located just beside the windpipe on either side of the neck.

• If the patient has a pulse:
  Transport them urgently to the nearest hospital for a full assessment of the underlying cause of unconsciousness.

• If the patient has no pulse:
  Begin basic life support (BLS) immediately.

3. If the patient is pulseless: Begin CPR

Start chest compressions:

• Place your hands on the center of the chest.

• Compress approximately two inches deep.

• Maintain a rhythm of about 100 compressions per minute.

If advanced life support is unavailable, follow the compression-to-breath ratio of:

30 chest compressions : 2 rescue breaths

4. Call for emergency medical assistance

If others are present, someone should immediately call 1669 (or the nearest hospital’s emergency number) to request advanced medical support.
Always contact the hospital closest to the incident for the fastest response.

5. Important safety precautions

• Do not leave the unconscious patient alone.

• Do not give food or water, as the patient may choke, which could obstruct the airway and worsen respiratory function.

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