Freeze Eggs for Future Fertilization and a High-Quality Pregnancy

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Freezing eggs for future fertilization allows women to prepare for parenthood when they are ready, while maintaining the potential for a healthy pregnancy.

Infertility can occur for many reasons and tends to increase with age. Common factors include a decline in both the quantity and quality of eggs, as well as unexpected medical or life circumstances. Preserving a sufficient number of high-quality eggs through egg freezing can help increase the chances of having children in the future, when the time is right.

If you are not ready to have children at the moment, egg freezing offers a proactive option to preserve your fertility.

Egg freezing is one method that helps preserve viable eggs. As women age, the likelihood of natural conception decreases, while the risks of miscarriage and chromosomal abnormalities increase. Freezing eggs can help extend their viability and improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy in the future.

What Is Egg Freezing?

Egg freezing, also known as egg cryopreservation, is an advanced fertility preservation technique for individuals who wish to have children in the future. The process involves collecting healthy eggs and storing them in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of −195 degrees Celsius.

In simple terms, egg freezing prevents biological changes that could affect the function of the egg cells. The eggs remain in a state similar to normal, fully functional eggs—essentially preserving their quality by “stopping time.” When the woman is ready to conceive, the frozen eggs are thawed, fertilized with sperm, and transferred into the uterus through in vitro fertilization (IVF), similar to standard fertility treatment.

Who Should Consider Egg Freezing?

Egg freezing may be suitable for:

• Women aged 35 years or older who are not yet ready to have children

• Individuals planning to have children in the future but who are not married or expect a long delay before starting a family

• Individuals who require ovarian surgery due to conditions such as endometriosis or ovarian cysts (e.g., chocolate cysts)

• Patients who need chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which may affect ovarian function

• Individuals with chromosomal abnormalities that may lead to early menopause

• Women at increased risk due to environmental or occupational exposure, such as working with chemicals

Steps in the Egg Freezing Process

The egg freezing process is similar to that used in IVF treatment. It begins with daily injections of ovarian-stimulating medication for approximately 10 days. During this time, egg development is closely monitored using ultrasound examinations and periodic hormone testing.

Once the eggs reach the appropriate size, an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is given to induce final egg maturation. About 36 hours after the HCG injection, the eggs are retrieved through a minimally invasive procedure using transvaginal aspiration.

Because the purpose is egg preservation rather than immediate pregnancy, the eggs are not fertilized at this stage. The physician selects mature and healthy eggs and freezes them for future use. When the woman decides to become pregnant, the eggs are thawed and fertilized with sperm.

Effectiveness of Egg Preservation

Egg quality depends largely on the age at which the eggs are frozen. Eggs preserved at a younger age generally have better quality and higher reproductive potential.

Not all eggs survive the freezing and thawing process. On average, approximately 70–80% of frozen eggs—about 7 to 8 out of 10—remain viable, depending on their quality before freezing. The surviving eggs are fertilized using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), which has success rates comparable to those achieved with fresh eggs.

Studies have shown that children born from frozen eggs do not have increased risks of abnormalities and are no different from those conceived naturally or through standard IVF.

How Long Can Eggs Be Frozen?

When eggs are stored in liquid nitrogen at approximately −196 degrees Celsius, all cellular activity stops without causing damage. In theory, eggs can be preserved indefinitely.

However, long-term outcome data are still limited. Current evidence indicates that eggs frozen for approximately 4–5 years can be successfully thawed, fertilized, and result in normal pregnancies.

Side Effects and Potential Complications

There are some risks associated with ovarian stimulation, including excessive hormonal response in certain individuals. Additionally, there is a small risk of bleeding during the egg retrieval procedure.

Nevertheless, when treatment is carefully planned, appropriate medications are used, and the procedure is performed by experienced specialists, the likelihood of complications is low.

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