Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a condition in which a man is unable to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. This condition can affect sexual satisfaction, intimate relationships, and overall quality of life. Although Erectile Dysfunction can occur at any age, it is more prevalent among older men.

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Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) often results from a combination of physical and psychological factors, primarily due to inadequate blood flow to the penis. Several key contributors include:

• Physical Factors: Heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and pelvic injuries.

• Psychological Factors: Depression, anxiety, and stress.

• Combination of Both: Many cases involve both physical and psychological elements.

Who is at Risk for Erectile Dysfunction?

• Age: The risk increases significantly after age 65, affecting more than 25% of men. ED can begin as early as age 40, impacting approximately 2%.

• Chronic Diseases: Conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes heighten the risk.

• Surgeries or Injuries: Especially those involving the pelvic region.

• Low Testosterone Levels: Hormonal imbalances can contribute to ED.

• Medication Side Effects: Certain antihypertensives and antidepressants may lead to ED.

• Unhealthy Lifestyle: Smoking, excessive alcohol use, and lack of physical activity are risk factors.

• Mental Health Issues: Depression and high stress are often associated with ED.

Preventing Erectile Dysfunction

Maintaining good physical and mental health is essential in preventing ED. Getting adequate rest, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding known risk factors are important preventive measures.

Treating Erectile Dysfunction

A variety of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments are available:

• Oral Medications (PDE5 Inhibitors): These are the first-line treatment for ED, commonly causing side effects such as headaches, blurred vision, facial flushing, and muscle pain.

• Penile Injections: Medications injected directly into the penis can produce an erection lasting 30–60 minutes.

• Urethral Suppositories: Small pellets inserted into the urethra to induce an erection (not available in Thailand).

• Vacuum Erection Devices: These devices promote blood flow into the penis, facilitating an erection.

• Low-Intensity Shock Wave Therapy: This method stimulates new blood vessel growth in the penis, supporting erectile function.

Addressing the Underlying Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

Treatment may also involve:

• Hormone Replacement Therapy: For men with low testosterone, topical or injectable hormone therapies can help improve erectile function.

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