Gastric Sleeve Surgery: An Effective Weight Loss Solution for Obesity

Gastric Sleeve Surgery, also known as Stomach Reduction Surgery, is among the most widely performed and effective weight loss procedures, especially for individuals who are overweight or obese and have been unsuccessful with conventional weight loss methods.

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Who is this procedure suitable for?

Gastric Sleeve Surgery is appropriate for individuals who meet the following criteria:

BMI over 40 (or over 37.5 for Thais): Those classified as severely obese may be ideal candidates for surgical weight loss.
BMI between 35-39.9 (or 32.5 for Thais) with comorbidities: Patients within this BMI range who also suffer from obesity-related health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or cardiovascular disease, may benefit from surgery. Additional conditions include high cholesterol, fatty liver disease, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Failure to lose weight through conventional methods: Candidates who have attempted to lose weight through diet and exercise without lasting success, or who have regained lost weight.
Mental readiness and informed consent: Patients must fully understand the risks, benefits, and lifestyle changes required after surgery.
No medical contraindications: Individuals must be medically fit for surgery, without serious health issues that could increase surgical risks, such as uncontrolled mental illness.

How Gastric Sleeve Surgery Works

During Gastric Sleeve Surgery, approximately 75-80% of the stomach is surgically removed, leaving a narrow, sleeve-like section. This significantly reduces the amount of food that can be consumed and decreases levels of hunger hormones, leading to reduced appetite. The procedure is performed through 4-5 small incisions, minimizing pain and promoting faster recovery.

Patients often begin to notice weight loss within the first week, with substantial results typically seen within 12 to 18 months. The most rapid weight loss occurs in the first six months post-surgery. Long-term success requires adherence to healthy eating, regular physical activity, and continuous medical follow-up.

Surgical Procedure Overview

Pre-operative Preparation: Includes thorough medical evaluation and adherence to a pre-surgery diet, often low-calorie, to prepare the stomach.
Surgery: Conducted laparoscopically, the surgeon removes part of the stomach and shapes the remainder into a sleeve.
Duration: The surgery lasts 1-2 hours, followed by a hospital stay of 2-3 days.

Benefits of Gastric Sleeve Surgery

Significant Weight Loss: Patients typically lose 60-70% of their excess weight within 1-2 years.
Reduced Appetite: Lower levels of the hunger hormone (Ghrelin) help decrease food cravings.
Minimal Nutrient Absorption Impact: Unlike other surgeries, the digestive tract remains intact, reducing the risk of malabsorption.

Risks and Disadvantages

Nutrient Deficiencies: Although less common, patients should monitor their vitamin and mineral levels.
Irreversible Procedure: The stomach portion removed cannot be restored.
Other Risks: Potential complications include leakage, infection, or vomiting from overeating.

Post-Surgery Care

Dietary Guidelines:
- Start with liquids for the first 1-2 weeks.
- Gradually reintroduce solid foods.
Lifestyle Changes: Consistent exercise and a healthy diet are crucial to maintain weight loss.

Preventing Weight Regain

Healthy Eating Habits: Avoid high-calorie, fatty, or sugary foods despite smaller portion sizes.
Lifestyle Adjustments: Commit to physical activity, balanced nutrition, and mental health care.
Ongoing Medical Support: Regular check-ups and guidance from healthcare providers, including dietitians, are essential.
Psychological Support: Managing emotional eating through professional help can prevent setbacks.
Stomach Adaptation: Overeating may cause the stomach to stretch over time, increasing food intake capacity.
Support Systems: Consistent follow-up and support post-surgery are vital to long-term success.