Gastric Sleeve Surgery: An Effective Weight Loss Solution for Obesity

Gastric Sleeve Surgery, also known as stomach reduction surgery, is one of the most widely performed and effective weight loss procedures, particularly for individuals who are overweight or obese and have not achieved success with conventional weight-loss methods.

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Gastric Sleeve Surgery, also known as Sleeve Gastrectomy, is one of the most widely performed and effective surgical treatments for weight loss. It is particularly suitable for individuals who are overweight or obese and have not achieved sustainable results through conventional weight-loss methods such as diet and exercise.

Who Is This Procedure Suitable For?

Gastric Sleeve Surgery may be appropriate for individuals who meet the following criteria:

• BMI over 40 (or over 37.5 for Thai patients):
  Individuals classified as severely obese may be suitable candidates for surgical weight-loss treatment.

• BMI between 35–39.9 (or over 32.5 for Thai patients) with obesity-related conditions:
  Patients in this BMI range who have medical conditions related to obesity—such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or cardiovascular disease—may benefit from surgery.
  Additional associated conditions include high cholesterol, fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

• Unsuccessful weight loss with conventional methods:
  Individuals who have attempted weight loss through diet and exercise without long-term success, or who have experienced significant weight regain.

• Mental readiness and informed consent:
  Patients must clearly understand the risks, benefits, and lifelong lifestyle changes required after surgery.

• No medical contraindications:
  Candidates must be medically fit for surgery and free from serious conditions that could increase surgical risk, such as uncontrolled mental illness.

How Gastric Sleeve Surgery Works

During Gastric Sleeve Surgery, approximately 75–80% of the stomach is permanently removed, leaving a narrow, tube-shaped stomach (the “sleeve”). This significantly limits food intake and reduces the production of hunger-related hormones, resulting in a decreased appetite.

The procedure is performed laparoscopically through 4–5 small incisions, which helps minimize pain and promotes faster recovery.

Many patients begin to notice weight loss within the first week after surgery. Significant and sustained weight loss typically occurs over 12–18 months, with the most rapid weight reduction happening during the first six months.

Long-term success depends on maintaining healthy eating habits, engaging in regular physical activity, and attending ongoing medical follow-ups.

Surgical Procedure Overview

• Pre-operative preparation:
  Includes a comprehensive medical evaluation and adherence to a pre-surgery diet—often low-calorie—to reduce liver size and prepare the stomach for surgery.

• Surgery:
  Performed laparoscopically, the surgeon removes a portion of the stomach and reshapes the remaining part into a sleeve.

• Duration and hospital stay:
  The procedure typically takes 1–2 hours, followed by a hospital stay of 2–3 days.

Benefits of Gastric Sleeve Surgery

• Significant weight loss:
  Patients typically lose 60–70% of excess body weight within 1–2 years.

• Reduced appetite:
  Lower levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin help decrease appetite and food cravings.

• Minimal impact on nutrient absorption:
  Unlike some other bariatric procedures, the digestive tract remains intact, reducing the risk of nutrient malabsorption.

Risks and Disadvantages

• Nutrient deficiencies:
  Although less common than with other bariatric procedures, patients should regularly monitor vitamin and mineral levels.

• Irreversible procedure:
  The portion of the stomach that is removed cannot be restored.

• Other potential risks:
  These may include leakage, infection, or vomiting caused by overeating.

Post-Surgery Care

Dietary Guidelines

• Begin with a liquid diet during the first 1–2 weeks after surgery.

• Gradually progress to soft foods and then solid foods under medical guidance.

Lifestyle Changes

• Regular physical activity and long-term dietary modifications are essential to maintain weight loss.

Preventing Weight Regain

• Healthy eating habits:
  Avoid high-calorie, fatty, or sugary foods, even with reduced stomach capacity.

• Lifestyle adjustments:
  Commit to consistent exercise, balanced nutrition, and mental well-being.

• Ongoing medical support:
  Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers, including physicians and dietitians, are crucial for long-term success.

• Psychological support:
  Addressing emotional or stress-related eating with professional support can help prevent setbacks.

• Stomach adaptation awareness:
  Repeated overeating may gradually stretch the stomach, increasing food intake capacity over time.

• Strong support systems:
  Continuous follow-up care and support after surgery play a vital role in achieving lasting results.

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